• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a system and method AACAES in which a heat transfer fluid allows the storage of heat. The heat transfer fluid, which comprises balls of heat storage material, circulates between two tanks: a hot tank (6) and a cold tank (5) and passes through at least one heat exchanger (3).
    公开号:FR3023321A1
    申请号:FR1456350
    申请日:2014-07-03
    公开日:2016-01-08
    发明作者:Christophe Pourima
    申请人:IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The field of the present invention relates to the storage of energy by compressed air (CAES Compressed Air Energy Storage). In particular, the present invention relates to an AACAES (Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage) system in which is provided the storage of air and the storage of the heat generated.
    [0002] In a compressed air energy storage system (CAES), energy, which is to be used at another time, is stored as compressed air. For storage, energy, especially electrical, drives air compressors, and for destocking, the compressed air drives turbines, which can be connected to an electric generator. The efficiency of this solution is not optimal because part of the energy of the compressed air is in the form of heat which is not used. In fact, in the CAES processes, only the mechanical energy of the air is used, that is to say that all the heat produced during the compression is rejected. In addition, the efficiency of a CAES system is not optimal, because the system requires heating the stored air to achieve the relaxation of the air. Indeed, for example, if the air is stored at 8 MPa (80 bar) and at room temperature and if it is desired to recover the energy by a relaxation, the decompression of the air will again follow a isentropic curve, but this time from the initial storage conditions (about 8 MPa and 300 K). The air is cooled to unrealistic temperatures (83 K or 191 ° C). It is therefore necessary to heat it, which can be done using a gas burner, or other fuel.
    [0003] Several variants currently exist for this system. Systems and methods include: - ACAES (English "Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage") in which the air is stored at the temperature due to compression. However, this type of system requires a large and expensive specific storage system. - AACAES (Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage) in which air is stored at room temperature and heat due to compression is also stored in a TES heat storage system "Thermal Energy Storage"). The heat stored in the TES is used to heat the air before it is released. Improvements in the AACAES systems have focused on the realization of the TES heat storage system by means of a fixed storage tank of heat storage material. For example, the patent application whose filing number is FR 13/61835 describes an AACAES system in which the heat storage system is made by a tank containing heat storage materials at different temperature levels. However, for these static TES heat storage systems (without movement of the heat storage material), it is necessary to manage the thermal gradient between two cycles, which makes the system complex. Other solutions envisaged for the TES heat storage system is the use of a heat transfer fluid for storing the heat resulting from compression to return it to air before expansion by means of heat exchangers. For example, patent application EP 2447501 describes an AACAES system in which oil, used as heat transfer fluid circulates in closed circuit to exchange heat with air. Moreover, the patent applications EP 2530283 and WO 2011053411 describe a system AACAES system, in which heat exchanges are performed by a heat transfer fluid flowing in a closed circuit, the closed circuit comprising a single heat transfer fluid reservoir. However, the systems described in these patent applications require large storage volumes because of the heat transfer fluid used, and / or the fact that the heat transfer fluid is stored in a single tank and / or because of the arrangement of the cooling circuits. circulation of the coolant. To overcome this drawback, the present invention relates to a system and a method AACAES in which the heat transfer fluid, which comprises beads of heat storage material, circulates between two tanks: a hot reservoir and a cold reservoir. An installation with two heat transfer fluid reservoirs makes it possible to maintain the transfer potential between the coolant and the air. The use of beads in the heat transfer fluid makes it possible to reduce the heat storage volume, because of the large storage capacity of such balls.
    [0004] The system and the method according to the invention The invention relates to a system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas comprising at least one gas compression means, means for storing said compressed gas, at least one expansion means said compressed gas, means for heat exchange between said compressed gas and a heat transfer fluid, means for storing said heat transfer fluid, said heat exchange means being disposed at the outlet of said gas compression means and / or at the inlet said gas expansion means. Said system comprises means for circulating said heat transfer fluid from a means for storing said heat transfer fluid to another means for storing said heat transfer fluid through at least one heat exchange means and said heat transfer fluid comprises oil storage beads. heat.
    [0005] According to the invention, said heat storage beads have a diameter of between 10 nm and 50 mm. Advantageously, said beads are made of alumina, metal or by micro or nano capsules of phase change material, such as paraffins, metals or salts. Preferably, said beads resist temperatures between 20 and 700 ° C. According to one aspect of the invention, said heat transfer fluid comprises oil, air, water, or molten salts.
    [0006] According to one embodiment of the invention, said storage and energy recovery system comprises several stepped gas compression means, a plurality of stepped expansion means, and a heat exchange means arranged between each stage of said means for compression and / or said relaxation means. According to a first variant, said heat transfer fluid storage means comprise two storage flasks, said heat transfer fluid flowing from a first storage flask, to a second storage flask, through each heat exchange means. Alternatively, said heat transfer fluid storage means comprise two storage flasks for each heat exchange means, said heat transfer fluid flowing from a first storage flask to a second storage flask through said heat exchange means. In addition, the invention relates to a method for storing and recovering energy by compressed gas. For this process, the following steps are carried out: a) a gas is compressed; b) said compressed gas is cooled by heat exchange with a coolant; c) storing said cooled compressed gas; d) heating said stored compressed gas by heat exchange with said heat transfer fluid; and e) said heated compressed gas is expanded to generate energy; said heat transfer fluid is circulated between storage means of said heat transfer fluid for at least one heat exchange with said gas and in that said coolant comprises storage balls of heat. Advantageously, said heat storage beads have a diameter of between 10 nm and 50 mm.
    [0007] Preferably, said beads are made of metal aluminas or by micro or nanocapsules of phase change material, such as paraffins, metals or salts. According to one characteristic of the invention, said beads resist temperatures between 20 and 700 ° C. In addition, said heat transfer fluid may comprise oil, air, water, or molten salts. According to one aspect of the invention, the steps a) and b) and / or steps d) and e) are repeated. According to one variant, all the heat exchanges are carried out by means of a heat transfer fluid circulating from a first heat transfer fluid storage tank (5, 6) to a second storage tank for the heat transfer fluid (6, 5). Alternatively, each heat exchange is carried out separately by means of a coolant flowing from a first storage tank of said heat transfer fluid (5, 6) to a second storage tank of said heat transfer fluid (6, 5).
    [0008] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other characteristics and advantages of the method according to the invention will appear on reading the following description of nonlimiting examples of embodiments, with reference to the appended figures and described below.
    [0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas, according to a first embodiment of the invention, in energy storage operation. FIG. 2 illustrates a system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas, according to the first embodiment of the invention, in operation of restitution of the stored energy. FIG. 3 illustrates a system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas, according to a second embodiment of the invention, in energy storage operation.
    [0010] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a compressed gas energy storage and recovery system equipped with a heat storage means (AACAES). The system according to the invention comprises: - at least one gas compression means (or compressor), preferably the system comprises a plurality of staged gas compression means, the gas compression means can be driven by a motor, in particular a electric motor, at least one means for storing compressed gas by the gas compression means, the compressed gas storage means can be a tank, an underground cavity, or the like, at least one gas expansion means (or expander) for relaxing the compressed gas and stored, the system preferably comprises a plurality of staged gas expansion means, the gas expansion means can generate an energy, including electrical energy by means of a generator, at minus a heat exchange means, or heat exchanger, between the compressed gas and a coolant for cooling the compressed gas at the outlet of the gas compression means and / or for heating the compressed gas at the inlet of the gas expansion means, heat transfer fluid storage means, heat transfer fluid circulation circuits between the heat transfer fluid storage means through at least one heat exchange means. The terms "staged compression or expansion means" are used when a plurality of compression or expansion means are successively mounted one after the other in series: the gas compressed or expanded at the outlet of the first compression or expansion means then goes into a second means of compression or relaxation and so on. A compression or expansion stage is then called a compression or expansion means for the plurality of staged compression or expansion means. Advantageously, when the system comprises a plurality of compression and / or expansion stages, a heat exchange means is disposed between each compression and / or expansion stage. Thus, the compressed air is cooled between each compression, which optimizes the efficiency of the next compression, and the relaxed air is heated between each trigger, which optimizes the performance of the next trigger. The number of compression stages and the number of expansion stages can be between 2 and 10, preferably between 3 and 5. Preferably, the number of compression stages is identical to the number of expansion stages. Alternatively, the AACAES system according to the invention may contain a single compression means and a single means of relaxation. The system according to the invention is suitable for any type of gas, especially for air. In this case, the inlet air used for compression can be taken from the ambient air and the outlet air after the expansion can be released into the ambient air. In the following description, only the variant embodiment with compressed air will be described, however, the system and the method are valid for any other gas. The heat exchange means make it possible, during the storage of the compressed gas (compression), to recover a maximum of heat resulting from the compression of the gas leaving the compressors and to reduce the temperature of the gas before the following compression or before storage. For example, the compressed gas may pass from a temperature above 150 ° C, for example about 190 ° C to a temperature below 80 ° C, for example about 50 ° C. The heat exchange means make it possible, during the restitution of the energy, to restore a maximum of stored heat by increasing the temperature of the gas before passing to the next expansion. For example, the gas may be passed from a temperature below 80 ° C, eg about 50 ° C, to a temperature above 150 ° C, for example, about 180 ° C. According to the invention, the heat transfer fluid circulates between two heat transfer fluid storage means and passes through at least one heat exchange means. Thus, the heat transfer fluid storage means comprise at least one hot coolant storage tank, called hot balloon and cold coolant tank, called cold balloon. The hot balloon stores the heat from the heat exchange during compression and the cold balloon stores the heat transfer fluid cooled during expansion. For the cooling of the compressed air (energy storage), the coolant circulates from the cold cylinder, passes through at least one heat exchanger located at the outlet of a compression means for cooling the air, then is stored in the hot balloon. For the heating of the air (energy recovery), the heat transfer fluid circulates from the hot flask, passes through at least one exchanger located at the inlet of an expansion means for heating the air, and is stored in the cold balloon. According to the invention, hot and cold balloons have no direct connection; to pass from one to the other heat transfer fluid systematically passes through at least one means of heat exchange. Ideally, during the storage of the compressed air, the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid loaded in balls is at the temperature of the outlet of the exchanger on the compressed air side and the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid is at the temperature of the inlet of the exchanger on the compressed air side (compressor output). This arrangement of the means for storing the heat transfer fluid with a cold flask and a hot flask allows separate storage of the cold coolant and the hot heat transfer fluid, which allows efficient storage of the heat energy, with a minimum of losses. The control of the compressor inlet temperature is ensured by controlling the flow of the coolant mixture.
    [0011] In addition, the system according to the invention provides a flexibility of operation. According to the invention, the heat transfer fluid comprises heat storage beads. The heat storage beads are small elements capable of storing and returning heat. The heat storage beads have a large heat capacity and more specifically a high energy density (or storage capacity) expressed in MJ / m3. The balls may be substantially spherical and have a diameter of a few tens of nanometers to a few tens of millimeters depending on their nature, preferably, the diameter of the balls is between 10 nm and 50 mm, in particular between 50 lm and 10 mm . The balls according to the invention are made of materials that can be used in temperature ranges between 20 ° C and 700 ° C. The beads used can be made by aluminas or metal or by encapsulated phase change material (PCM) or not encapsulated in the operating temperature range. The nature of the PCM phase change materials can be of different types, among which: salts (with a storage capacity of between 300 and 1000 MJ / m 3): for example NaCl, NaNO 3, KNO 3,. (with a storage capacity of between 100 and 2000 MJ / m3): for example magnesium, aluminum, copper, antimony, etc.
    [0012] The heat storage beads can store a greater amount of heat than the fluid alone, therefore the necessary volume of coolant containing beads is less than the volume required for a conventional heat transfer fluid. Thus, it is possible to reduce the storage volumes of the TES. The heat transfer fluid can be of different types: molten salts (for example NaNO 2, NaNO 3, KNO 2 ...), oil, air, water, ... so that it is easy to implement a point view of thermal and hydraulic exchange depending on the type of balls used and the type of exchanger installed. The choice of the nature of the coolant and the balls depends on the temperature range in which it will be used, which is directly related to the configuration of the compression (number of stages and compression ratio) and storage pressure. compressed air from the TES. During the storage of the compressed air, the heat transfer fluid charged in balls can be transferred from a cold storage tank to a hot storage tank via a pump. The pump can also be used for suspending the balls in the balloons. During the energy recovery phase, the heat transfer fluid loaded in beads can be transferred from the hot storage tank to the cold storage tank via a pump. The pump can be the same as that used when storing compressed air.
    [0013] According to a first embodiment of the invention, the heat transfer fluid storage means comprise only two storage tanks: a hot flask and a cold flask. The coolant circulates between these two flasks through all heat exchange means. If the AACAES system is a stepped system (with several compressions and / or detents), in the heat transfer fluid circuit, the coolant flow is divided into parallel branches. Each parallel branch has a single heat exchanger with air. The direction of circulation of the coolant is the same in all branches. This embodiment makes it possible to limit the number of storage flasks of the heat transfer fluid to two.
    [0014] Figure 1 shows an AACAES system according to a non-limiting example of the first embodiment of the invention, for energy storage operation (i.e. by air compression). As illustrated, the AACAES system according to the invention comprises four compression stages made by air compressors 2 which successively compress the air taken from the ambient air 1. Between each compression stage is disposed a heat exchanger 3, in which the compressed air and heated (by compression) is cooled by the coolant. At the outlet of the last compression stage, the compressed air is stored in a compressed air storage means 4. For the operating mode in compression, the heat transfer fluid circulates from a cold storage tank 5 by means of a pump 7 to a hot storage tank 6 by passing through the four heat exchangers 3 by means of four parallel circuit branches. FIG. 2 shows an AACAES system according to a nonlimiting example of the first embodiment of the invention, for the operation of restitution of the energy (i.e. by expansion of air). As illustrated, the AACAES system according to the invention comprises four expansion stages carried out by expansion means 9 which successively relax the compressed air contained in the means for storing compressed air 4. Between each expansion stage 9 is disposed a heat exchanger 3, in which the air cooled by the trigger is heated by the heat transfer fluid. At the outlet of the last stage of relaxation, the relaxed air is released into the ambient environment. For the expansion operating mode, the heat transfer fluid flows from the hot storage tank 6 by means of a pump 8 to the cold storage tank 5 by passing through the four heat exchangers 3 by means of four circuit branches. in parallel. The hot storage tank contains the hot coolant that was used to cool the compressed air during compression.
    [0015] According to a second embodiment of the invention, the heat transfer fluid storage means comprise two heat transfer fluid storage flasks (a hot flask and a cold flask) for each compression or expansion stage. The heat transfer fluid circulates between these two storage tanks passing through a single means of heat exchange (that of the stage considered). This embodiment makes it possible to limit the size of the storage flasks of the coolant, since the volume of fluid to be stored is reduced because the heat transfer fluid passes only in a single heat exchanger.
    [0016] In the case where the number of compression stages is identical to the number of stages of relaxation, the storage and energy recovery system comprises as many cold storage tanks and hot storage tanks as compression stages and relaxation. FIG. 3 shows an AACAES system according to a nonlimiting example of the second embodiment of the invention, for the operation of storing energy (i.e. by compression of air). As illustrated, the AACAES system according to the invention comprises four compression stages made by air compressors 2 which successively compress the air taken from the ambient air 1. Between each compression stage is disposed a heat exchanger 3, in which the compressed air and heated (by compression) is cooled by the coolant. At the outlet of the last compression stage, the compressed air is stored in a compressed air storage means 4. The system comprises four cold balls 51, 52, 53, 54, four hot balloons 61, 62, 63, 64 and four pumps 71, 72, 73, 74. For each stage, the coolant flows from a cold storage tank 51, 52, 53, 54, to a hot storage tank 61, 62, 63, 64 through a single heat exchanger 3 by means of a pump 71, 72, 73, 74.
    [0017] For the operation of restitution of the energy, ie by expansion of air (not represented), the AACAES system according to this second embodiment of the invention comprises four stages of relaxation realized by means of relaxation which successively relax the compressed air contained in the compressed air storage means. Between each expansion stage is disposed a heat exchanger in which the compressed air is heated by the coolant. At the outlet of the last stage of relaxation, the relaxed air is released into the ambient environment. The system includes four cold storage tanks, four hot storage tanks and four pumps. The heat transfer fluid flows from a hot flask to a cold flask through a single heat exchanger by means of a pump. Each hot flask contains the hot coolant that was used to cool the compressed air during compression. Other embodiments of the invention may be envisaged, in particular by combining the two previously described embodiments. For example, the coolant can be used for two stages of compression or expansion. Thus, it is possible to limit both the number of storage flasks of the coolant and their dimensions.
    [0018] The invention can therefore allow the crossing of temperatures at the level of interstage exchangers, in particular by means of a double-pipe exchanger, a spiral exchanger, and several exchangers in series. The use of a heat transfer fluid charged with heat storage material also makes it possible to operate at different cycle times, that is to say that the AACAES system can continue to operate even if the storage cycle time air and air-off cycle time are different. In addition, the system according to the invention allows flexibility and simplicity of operation; the regulation is done with the outlet temperature on the compressed air side, and the system requires a pump, two storage tanks and heat exchangers.
    [0019] The present invention also relates to a method for storage and recovery by compressed gas, wherein the following steps are carried out: a) a gas is compressed, in particular by means of an air compressor; b) the compressed gas is cooled by heat exchange with a coolant, in particular by means of a heat exchanger; c) the compressed compressed gas is stored, in particular by a compressed gas storage means; d) the stored compressed gas is heated by heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid heated in step b); and e) the heated compressed gas is expanded to generate energy, for example by means of a turbine to generate electrical energy. According to the invention, the coolant is circulated between storage means of the coolant for at least one heat exchange with the gas. In addition, the heat transfer fluid comprises heat storage beads.
    [0020] The method according to the invention can be implemented by the system according to the invention, in particular the coolant can be as described above. According to one aspect of the invention, the method comprises several successive compression steps, by means of air compressors placed in series. In this case, the steps a) and b) are repeated for each compression step.
    [0021] According to one characteristic of the invention, the method comprises several successive expansion steps, by means of expansion placed in series. In this case, steps d) and e) are repeated for each relaxation step. According to the first embodiment of the invention, illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the heat transfer fluid is circulated between two storage flasks (a cold flask and a hot flask), the heat-transfer fluid being used for all the stages of storage. heat exchange with the compressed gas. The heat transfer fluid is distributed in parallel branches which each comprise a single heat exchanger. According to the second embodiment of the invention, illustrated in FIG. 3, for each heat exchange step, the heat transfer fluid is circulated between two storage tanks (a cold balloon and a hot balloon), the coolant being used for a single step of heat exchange with the gas. For each compression / expansion step, a heat transfer fluid is thus circulated in a closed circuit.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [0001]
    CLAIMS1) System for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas comprising at least one gas compression means (2), means for storing said compressed gas (4), at least one expansion means of said compressed gas (9) means for heat exchange between said compressed gas and a heat transfer fluid (3), means for storing said heat transfer fluid (5, 6), said heat exchange means (3) being arranged at the outlet of said heat transfer medium (5); compression of gas (2) and / or at the inlet of said gas expansion means (9), characterized in that said system comprises means for circulating said heat transfer fluid from a means for storing said heat transfer fluid (5, 6) to a another means for storing said heat transfer fluid (6, 5) through at least one heat exchange means (3) and in that said heat transfer fluid comprises heat storage beads.
    [0002]
    2) System according to claim 1, wherein said heat storage beads have a diameter of between 10 nm and 50 mm.
    [0003]
    3) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said beads are made of alumina, metal or by micro or nano capsules of phase change material, such as paraffins, metals or salts.
    [0004]
    4) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said balls withstand temperatures between 20 and 700 ° C.
    [0005]
    5) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said heat transfer fluid comprises oil, air, water, or molten salts.
    [0006]
    6) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said storage and energy recovery system comprises a plurality of gas compression means (2) stepped, a plurality of expansion means (9) staggered, and a means of exchange heat exchanger (3) disposed between each stage of said compression means (2) and / or said expansion means (9).
    [0007]
    7) System according to claim 6, wherein said heat transfer fluid storage means comprise two storage tanks (5, 6), said heat transfer fluid flowing from a first storage tank (5, 6) to a second storage tank ( 6, 5) through each heat exchange means (3).
    [0008]
    8) System according to claim 6, wherein said means for storing the heat transfer fluid comprise two storage flasks (51, 52, 53, 54, 61, 62, 63, 64) for each heat exchange means (3) said heat transfer fluid flowing from a first storage tank (51, 52, 53, 54, 61, 62, 63, 64) to a second storage tank (61, 62, 63, 64, 51, 52, 53, 54 ) through said heat exchange means (3).
    [0009]
    9) Process for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas, wherein the following steps are performed: a) b) c) d) a gas is compressed; said compressed gas is cooled by heat exchange with a coolant; said cooled compressed gas is stored; said stored compressed gas is heated by heat exchange with said heat transfer fluid; and said heated compressed gas is expanded to generate energy, e) characterized in that said coolant is circulated between storage means (5, 6) of said coolant for at least one heat exchange with said gas and in that said heat transfer fluid comprises heat storage beads.
    [0010]
    10) The method of claim 9, wherein said heat storage beads have a diameter of between 10 nm and 50 mm.
    [0011]
    11) Method according to one of claims 9 or 10, wherein said beads are made of metal aluminas or by micro or nanocapsules of phase change material, such as paraffins, metals or salts.
    [0012]
    12) Method according to one of claims 9 to 11, wherein said beads withstand temperatures between 20 and 700 ° C.
    [0013]
    13) Method according to one of claims 9 to 12, wherein said heat transfer fluid comprises oil, air, water, or molten salts.
    [0014]
    14) Method according to one of claims 9 to 13, wherein it repeats steps a) and b) and / or steps d) and e) .35
    [0015]
    15) Process according to claim 14, wherein all heat exchanges are carried out by means of a heat transfer fluid flowing from a first heat transfer fluid storage tank (5, 6) to a second heat transfer fluid storage tank ( 6, 5).
    [0016]
    16) The method of claim 14, wherein each heat exchange is carried out separately by means of a heat transfer fluid flowing from a first storage tank of said heat transfer fluid (5, 6) to a second storage tank of said heat transfer fluid ( 6, 5) .10
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1456350A|FR3023321B1|2014-07-03|2014-07-03|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR STORING AND RECOVERING COMPRESSED GAS ENERGY WITH HEAT STORAGE BY HEAT TRANSFER FLUID|FR1456350A| FR3023321B1|2014-07-03|2014-07-03|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR STORING AND RECOVERING COMPRESSED GAS ENERGY WITH HEAT STORAGE BY HEAT TRANSFER FLUID|
    US15/323,380| US10443953B2|2014-07-03|2015-06-22|Compressed gas energy storage and harvesting system and method with storage of the heat by heat transfer fluid|
    AP2017009727A| AP2017009727A0|2014-07-03|2015-06-22|System and method for storing and recovering energy using compressed gas, with heat storage by means of a heat-transfer fluid|
    PCT/EP2015/064000| WO2016001001A1|2014-07-03|2015-06-22|System and method for storing and recovering energy using compressed gas, with heat storage by means of a heat-transfer fluid|
    EP15732583.8A| EP3164583A1|2014-07-03|2015-06-22|System and method for storing and recovering energy using compressed gas, with heat storage by means of a heat-transfer fluid|
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